As the global community enters the second half of the 2020s, the conversation around climate change has shifted from theoretical mitigation to the urgent necessity of permanent carbon removal. While atmospheric capture technologies have seen rapid advancement, the question of
As the world explores large-scale methods to mitigate climate change, Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) has emerged as a promising carbon removal strategy. By adding alkaline materials such as crushed minerals to seawater, OAE increases the ocean’s capacity to absorb and
Deep within Earth, far below the crust and upper mantle we know from geology textbooks, lies a chemical switch that decides the fate of carbon. Scientists have discovered that mantle redox conditions — essentially the balance of oxygen available —
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